What is a noun? English Grammar | online class
We explain what a noun is and
how this grammatical category can be classified. Also, the gender and number of
the nouns.
By - PRABIR RAI CHAUDHURI
Noun
Common nouns designate all
the objects around us, such as balls.
What is a noun?
A noun is a grammatical
category or class of word that is used to name an object, subject , place,
concept . For example: Juan, car, house, Buenos Aires.
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Types of nouns
The noun can be classified
according to what it names in:
Proper nouns .
They name an object or subject in a concrete and particular way and are always capitalized. They are used to name: people (María, Juan), countries, cities and continents (Colombia, Montevideo, Asia), brands (Bimbo, Sony), organizations or institutions (Autonomous University of Barcelona, Greenpeace), holidays ( Christmas , Pesach) , musical groups (Nirvana, The Beatles), literary works (Don Quixote de la Mancha, La Gioconda).
Common nouns .
They designate
a person, animal or thing in a general way. For example: table, chair, cow,
dog, mountain , love. Common nouns are always lowercase and are classified in
different ways.
Common nouns are classified into:
Abstract nouns .
They
designate ideas, concepts and feelings that cannot be perceived by the senses.
For example: freedom , happiness , hatred, compassion.
Concrete nouns .
They name
things and objects that can be perceived by the senses. For example: house,
cat, tree, ball.
Concrete nouns are classified into:
Countable nouns. They can be numbered.
For example: apple, table, friend.
Non-countable nouns. They
cannot be numbered, but they can be measured. For example: water , sugar. In
the latter case, you cannot say two sugars, but you can say a kilo of sugar.
Uncountable nouns do not have a plural.
Countable nouns can be classified into:
Individual nouns .
They name a particular being in the singular. For example: fish, dog.
Collective nouns .
They name
in a global or group way a set of people, animals, objects. For example:
"fish" is individual and "school" is collective, since it
refers to a group of fish.
Another classification that
can be used within common nouns is to divide between primitive and derived
nouns (they derive from another noun, such as “shoe shop”, “ice cream shop”,
“bakery”). It is also possible to indicate whether a noun is simple or compound
(in the case of "washing machine", "umbrella" for example).
Gender and number of nouns
Noun
Most nouns can be changed from masculine to feminine and vice versa.
Nouns have:
Gender:
female or male. Most
feminine nouns end with the vowel -a while masculine nouns end with the vowel
-o. That is why we can, for example, say cat and cat, dog and bitch. However,
in some cases, the meaning is changed, such as basket and basket (change the size
of the object).
Number:
Singular or Plural .
Some nouns are written the same in singular and plural as: thorax, climax,
cavities.
Most nouns can be modified
from masculine to feminine and vice versa, as well as from singular to plural
and vice versa. Some females are completely different from their male, such is
the case of: horse and mare or actor and actress.
Examples of nouns
Nouns
Proper names:
Mateo Olivero,
Karina Sánchez, Osvaldo Cortez.
Urban places and spaces:
Algeria, Tijuana, Oceania, Avenida del Libertador.
Organizations or institutions :
World Health Organization, Club Deportivo Guadalajara.
Works of art :
Las meninas,
One Hundred Years of Solitude.
Holidays:
New Year, Ramadan,
Day of the Dead.
Common nouns
Table, dog, mattress, car,
drill, mother, plate, T-shirt, saxophone, rice, phone.
Abstract nouns
Love, passion, lust, fear,
freedom, friendship , pain, anxiety , religion , justice , lies, compassion,
time .
Concrete nouns
Earth, bottle, thumb, library
, ball, sand, clock, brush, building, monkey, oil, candle, water .
Individual and collective nouns
Individual Collective
Book |
library |
Dog |
Pack |
Bird |
Flock |
Fish |
Shoal |
Country |
Continent |
Family |
Clan |
Star |
Constellation |
Lyrics |
Alphabet |
Countable nouns
Book, ball, banana, boy, duck.
Non-countable nouns
Flour, sugar, blood, money ,
garbage, gasoline
Sentences with nouns
Place names are examples of
proper nouns.
Nouns
Mateo Olivero is my mother's
cousin.
Yesterday I ran into Karina
Sánchez on the street .
Osvaldo Cortez was discharged
from the hospital .
His sister went to live in
Algeria .
In Tijuana we visit Avenida
Revolución .
Oceania is thesmallest
continent on planet Earth .
The gift shop is on Avenida
del Libertador .
The World Health Organization
banned the use of the vaccine.
The Club Deportivo
Guadalajara won the zonal championship.
Diego Velázquez is the author
of Las meninas .
María is reading One Hundred
Years of Solitude by the Colombian writer, Gabriel García Márquez .
Common nouns
Sonia bought the table in the
tent of the village .
My dog barks when he hears
thunder .
The mattress Marisa did not
enter the truck from moving .
The car loads 50 liters of
gasoline .
You can not use the drill in
times nightclubs.
The mother of Peter visited
him for Christmas.
Don't throw all the food off
the plate !
The board changed the design
of the shirt of the club .
Luis bought a second-hand
saxophone .
You don't need to buy more rice
.
The phone rang just at the
time of the dinner .
Abstract nouns
The book talks about love and
passion between two lovers.
The lust is one of the seven
sins capitals.
Don't get carried away by
fear alone .
The freedom is a desire of
all men and women.
Nothing can break this
friendship .
The pain in her leg persists
despite the medications she was given.
His departure generated a lot
of anxiety .
Miguel Ángel is faithful to
his religion .
The court did justice to
Paola and ruled in her favor.
Pedro is not carried away by
the lies of his supervisor.
He had compassion on his
neighbor and forgave him the debt.
It is only a matter of time .
Collective nouns
I kept the book you gave me
in the library .
She was not intimidated and
faced the pack that was chasing her.
A flock crossed the Andes at
dawn.
The shoal traveled the shores
of the Dead Sea.
Solidarity does not recognize
country borders on this continent .
His family and the Gomez are
a clan .
Julian stayed awake
contemplating the constellation .
They are ready? Time to learn
the alphabet !
The noun within the sentence-
The noun is the nucleus of
the noun phrase (set of words with a nucleus), mainly of the subject of the
sentence.
Along with the nucleus we
find: the direct modifiers (adjectives and articles ), the indirect modifier
(preposition plus substantive or substantive construction), the apposition
(noun or substantive construction that clarifies the nucleus or repeats it) and
the comparative construction (introduced by “as " or which").
For example:
Juan , my brother , recently
moved. ("Juan" is the nucleus of the subject and "brother"
is the nucleus of the explanatory apposition)
The teacher of the school
teaches very well. ("Teacher" is the nucleus of the subject and
"school" is the nucleus of the indirect modifier)
In a sentence there can be one or more substantive nuclei within a subject (simple or compound) and they must agree with the conjugated verb of the predicate (singular or plural). The same happens with adjectives, which must agree with the noun in gender and number so that the cohesion of the sentence is correct.
For example:
Clara and Andrea run every
morning. ("Clara" and "Andrea" are the two nuclei of the
composite subject)
The employees and managers
gathered in the living room. ("Employees" and "managers"
are the two nuclei of the composite subject)
In addition, the noun can be present in noun constructions of the predicate, within a direct object, indirect object, circumstantial, complement or predicative.
For example:
We are preparing a surprise
for Javier . ("Javier" is the nucleus of the indirect object and
"surprise" is the nucleus of the direct object)
The show will be on the main
stage . ("Stage" is the nucleus of the circumstantial complement of
place)
The mystery was discovered by the detective . ("Detective" is the core of the agent complement)
Nouns and adjectives
The adjective is a kind of
word that has the function of qualifying the noun . The adjective expresses
characteristics or properties attributed to a noun and provides information
about it.
Both are categories of words
that are closely linked, since the noun names a thing (object, place, animal,
person, emotion) and the adjective characterizes it. For example: The sea
(noun) is deep (adjective). Noun and adjective must agree in gender and number.
Adjectives fall into two main
categories:
Qualifying adjectives .
They
are those that detail characteristics or properties of the noun they qualify
for, and can be specific or explanatory.
Determining adjectives.
They
indicate quantity, position or number of the noun, and can be demonstrative,
indefinite and possessive.
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